
Two complementary modes of movement instruction are contrasted: “schema recall” and “schema building.” While both are effective in different contexts, they differ in whether movement is reproduced or actively organized. The article also explores how instructional language may shape learning, perception, and overall movement quality.
Minimalist instructions – Schema recall:
Position:
- Come into tabletop, ankles extended.
Movement:
- Sit back down onto your heels, and come up again, many times.
I call this “schema recall,” since it draws on pre-established movement patterns that can be executed reliably and efficiently. The positions and transitions are assumed to be known, and the aim is consistent reproduction for a specific functional purpose.
In professional sports, fitness, weight training, yoga, Pilates, functional training, etc, this is a central and highly effective mode of practice. With healthy, motivated individuals, clear instructions are readily adopted, and repetition under load can reliably develop strength, endurance, cardiovascular capacity, and postural stamina. What is often described as “re-patterning” in these contexts typically remains within a recall-heavy structure—the underlying instructional logic (prescriptive form, repetition, outcome focus) stays largely consistent.
In contexts involving injury recovery, neurological disruption, or the reconstruction of fundamental movement coordination, the task requirements shift.
Explicit instructions – Schema building:
Position:
- Please stand on your knees.
- Place your hands on the floor in front of you.
- Extend your ankles so that the insteps touch the floor.
- Your knees are apart.
Movement:
- Keep your hands on the floor.
- Now bring your attention to your pelvis.
- Slowly sit back onto your heels, in an easy, comfortable way.
- Move your pelvis backward and return forward, many times, slowly and gently.
I call this “schema building” since the positions and movements are to be explored and produced from scratch, or from smaller schemas, or schema partials. We use little or no load (no weights, resistance bands, or springs), and the many repetitions with variations have a main purpose: learning, exploration, and schema (pattern, habits, etc) improvement, or in other words: feeling lighter and better, moving more efficiently with more joy.
My thoughts on the explicit instructions:
- Redundant rephrasing – in the explicit instructions there’s a bit of redundancy. For example, the same instruction is given twice or more often, but usually with a slightly different wording each time, a slightly different angle or emphasis. This might serve more than one purpose, and have several benefits (more on this in another blog post, subscribe to not miss it.)
- Rule detailing – Some students might interpret the instruction, “keep your hands on the floor” as “glue your hands to the floor and don’t move them.” This is usually not intended, therefore a positive, more detailed phrasing would be, “keep your hands in contact with the floor at all times.” Here the phrase “in contact” would signal that a repositioning is allowed. A negative (don’t) rule could be: “Don’t lift your hands off the floor.” However, this might introduce an element of stressfulness, which in turn could have negative effects.
- Calling labels – Before a movement instruction is given, the attention is brought to the body part that is to be moved. This means, a label is called. This means, the student will recall the inner representation of the labeled structure, for example, the pelvis. But what and where is the pelvis? Where are its perceived and actual boundaries? Its most prominent connections? What are the movement trajectories? What are the implications? Is this favorable? How does calling labels influence the movement, and the lesson outcome?
Moshé Feldenkrais spent entire hours on this question. For example, he would spend the greater part of a lesson on calling a body part (or landmark) and instruct to move it towards another landmark. For example,
- the earlobe towards the shoulder,
- the temple towards the shoulder,
- the tip of the nose towards the shoulder,
- the chin towards the shoulder,
- the cheek towards the shoulder,
- etc.
Here the student would try to locate and sense the various landmarks, and compare the various movement trajectories and path lengths, while improving movement quality. The outcome is not just intellectual, but a general improvement of function, such as a perceived increase of ease, fluidity, and range of motion.
Furthermore, such explorations might not only improve movement quality, but also perception in general (perceived depth of field, color range), breathing (perceived to be more at ease, more regular) or improvement of mood (more at ease, calm, confident, safe, etc).






